Siyini isando samanzi?
Isando samanzi sisekuhlulekeni kwamandla okungazelelwe noma kuvalvu ivalwe ngokushesha kakhulu, ngenxa ye-inertia yokugeleza kwamanzi okucindezela, igagasi lokushaqeka kokugeleza liyakhiqizwa, njengesando, esibizwa kanjalo ngesando samanzi.Amandla abuyela emuva naphambili wegagasi lokushaqisa kwamanzi, ngezinye izikhathi elikhulu, angakwazi ukuphula ama-valve namaphampu.
Lapho i-valve evulekile ivalwa ngokuzumayo, ukugeleza kwamanzi kubangela ingcindezi ku-valve nodonga lwamapayipi.Ngenxa yodonga olubushelelezi lwepayipi, ukugeleza kwamanzi okulandelayo ngaphansi kwesenzo se-inertia ngokushesha kufinyelela phezulu futhi kuveza umphumela olimazayo, "okuwumphumela wesando samanzi" ku-fluid mechanics, okungukuthi, isando samanzi esihle.Lesi sici kufanele sibhekwe ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi.
Ngokuphambene, i-valve evaliwe evuleka ngokuzumayo izophinde ikhiqize isando samanzi, esibizwa ngokuthi isando samanzi esibi, esinamandla athile okubhubhisa, kodwa hhayi njengangaphambili.Iyunithi yepompo kagesi izophinde ibangele umthelela wokucindezela kanye nomphumela wesando samanzi lapho amandla enqanyulwa kungazelelwe noma eqaliswa.Ukushaqeka kwegagasi lokucindezela okunjalo kubhebhetheka eduze kwepayipi, okuholela kalula ekucindezelekeni ngokweqile kwendawo kwepayipi futhi kubangele ukugqabuka kwamapayipi kanye nokulimala kwemishini.Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa komphumela wesando samanzi kuba omunye wobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bobunjiniyela bokuhlinzeka ngamanzi.
Izimo zesando samanzi:
1. Ivalvu ivula noma ivaleke kungazelelwe;
2. Iyunithi yepompo iyama noma iqala ngokuzumayo;
3. Ipayipi elilodwa ukuya emanzini aphezulu (umehluko wobude bendawo yokuphakelwa kwamanzi ongaphezu kwamamitha angama-20);
4. Ikhanda eliphelele lepompo (noma ingcindezi yokusebenza) inkulu;
5. Isivinini sokugeleza kwamanzi epayipini lamanzi sikhulu kakhulu;
6. Ipayipi lamanzi lide kakhulu, futhi isimo sezwe siyashintsha kakhulu.
Ukulimala komphumela wesando samanzi:
Ukwenyuka kwengcindezi okubangelwa isando samanzi kungafinyelela izikhathi ezimbalwa noma izikhathi eziningi kunokucindezela okuvamile kwepayipi. Umonakalo omkhulu walokhu kuguquguquka okukhulu kwengcindezi ohlelweni lwamapayipi ukuthi:
1.Imbangela yokundindizela okunamandla kwepayipi, ijoyinti lepayipi linqanyuliwe;
2. Ukulimala kwevalvu, ukucindezela okukhulu kuphezulu kakhulu ukuthi kungadala ukuqhuma kwamapayipi, umfutho wenethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi uyancipha;
3. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukucindezela okuphansi kakhulu kuzoholela ekuweni kwepayipi, kodwa futhi kulimaze i-valve ne-fixture;
4. Abangele ukuguqulwa kwephampu, kulimaze okokusebenza kwegumbi lokumpompa noma amapayipi, kubangele kakhulu igumbi lokumpompa ligcwale amanzi, okuholela ekulimaleni nezinye izingozi ezinkulu, ezithinta ukukhiqizwa nokuphila.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela zokuqeda noma ukunciphisa isando samanzi:
Kunezinyathelo eziningi zokuzivikela ngokumelene nesando samanzi, kodwa izinyathelo ezihlukene kufanele zithathwe ngokuvumelana nezimbangela ezingenzeka zesando samanzi.
1. Ukunciphisa izinga lokugeleza kolayini wepayipi lokudlulisela amanzi kunganciphisa umfutho wesando samanzi ngokwezinga elithile, kodwa kuzokwandisa ububanzi bepayipi lokuhambisa amanzi futhi kwandise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi.Ukusatshalaliswa kwezintambo zokuhambisa amanzi kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuze kugwenywe ukwenzeka kwama-humps noma ukuguquka okuzumayo kwemithambeka.Ubukhulu besando samanzi ngokuyinhloko buhlobene nekhanda lejometri legumbi lepompo.Ukuphakama kwekhanda lejometri, inani elikhulu lesando samanzi likhulu.Ngakho-ke, ikhanda lepompo elinengqondo kufanele likhethwe ngokuya ngesimo sangempela sendawo.Ngemva kokuma kwephampu engozini, iphampu kufanele iqalwe lapho ipayipi elingemuva kwevalvu yokuhlola ligcwele amanzi.Ungavuli ngokugcwele i-valve yokuphuma kwepompo lapho uqala iphampu, ngaphandle kwalokho izokhiqiza umthelela omkhulu wamanzi.Izingozi eziningi ezinkulu zesando samanzi eziteshini zokumpompa zenzeka ngaphansi kwalesi simo.
2. Setha idivayisi yokuqeda isando samanzi:
(1) Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukucindezela njalo:
Njengoba ingcindezi yenethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi ishintsha njalo ngokushintsha kwesimo sokusebenza, ukwenzeka kokucindezela okuphansi noma ukucindezela ngokweqile kuvame ukwenzeka enqubweni yokusebenza kwesistimu, okulula ukukhiqiza isando samanzi, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwepayipi nemishini. .Uhlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo luyamukelwa, ngokutholwa kokucindezela kwenethiwekhi yepayipi, ukulawulwa kwempendulo yepompo yokuqala, ukulawulwa kokumisa kanye nesivinini, ukugeleza kokulawula, bese wenza ukucindezela kugcine izinga elithile.Ukucindezela kwamanzi kwepompo kungasethwa yi- ukulawula ikhompuyutha encane ukuze kugcinwe ukunikezwa kwamanzi anengcindezi engaguquki, ukugwema ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi ngokweqile, nokunciphisa amathuba esando samanzi.
(2) Faka isinqamuli sesando samanzi
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zivimbela ngokuyinhloko isando samanzi ukuthi singavimbi iphampu, evame ukufakwa eduze kwepayipi lokuphuma kwepompo.Isebenzisa ukucindezela kwepayipi ngokwalo njengamandla okubona isenzo esizenzakalelayo somfutho ophansi, okungukuthi, lapho ingcindezi esepayipini ingaphansi kwenani elibekiwe lokuvikela, imbobo yokukhipha amanzi izovula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhishwa kwamanzi kanye nokukhululeka kokucindezela, mayelana nokulinganisa ukucindezela kwepayipi lendawo nokuvimbela umthelela wesando samanzi ezintweni zokusebenza namapayipi.I-Eliminator ingahlukaniswa ngokujwayelekile ibe yizinhlobo ezimbili zemishini kanye ne-hydraulic, isenzo sokuqeda imishini ngokutakula ngesandla, i-hydraulic eliminator ingakwazi ukusetha kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo.
(3)Faka ivalvu yokuhlola evala kancane epayipini lokuphuma lephampu yamanzi eliwububanzi obukhulu.
Ingakwazi ukuqeda ngempumelelo isando samanzi sokumisa iphampu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kukhona inani elithile lokugeleza kwamanzi ngesikhathi sesenzo se-valve, umthombo wokumunca kufanele ube nepayipi elichichimayo.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamavalvu okuhlola ukuvala kancane : uhlobo lwesando esindayo kanye nohlobo lokugcina amandla.Le valve ingalungisa isikhathi sokuvala i-valve phakathi kwebanga elithile njengoba kudingeka.Ngokuvamile, i-valve ivalwa ngo-70 % ~ 80 % phakathi kwama-3 ~ 7 s ngemva kokucisha ugesi, futhi u-20 % ~ 30 % osele wesikhathi sokuvala ulungiswa ngokuvumelana nezimo zephampu kanye nepayipi, ngokuvamile ebangeni 10 ~ 30 imizuzwana.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma kukhona i-hump epayipini futhi kwenzeka isando samanzi sebhuloho, indima yevalve yokuhlola yokuvala kancane isebenza kakhulu.
(4) Setha Umbhoshongo Olawula Ingcindezi Yendlela Eyodwa
Yakhiwe eduze kwesiteshi sokumpompa noma endaweni efanele yepayipi, ubude bombhoshongo wokuhlinza wendlela eyodwa buphansi kunokucindezela kwepayipi lapho.Lapho ingcindezi epayipini iphansi kunezinga lamanzi embhoshongweni, umbhoshongo okhuphukayo ugcwalisa amanzi epayipini ukuze uvimbele ikholomu yamanzi ukuthi ingaphuki futhi ugweme ukuvala isando samanzi.Kodwa-ke, umphumela wawo wokunciphisa ukucindezela kuzando zamanzi ngaphandle kwezando zokumisa amanzi zokupompa njengezando zamanzi zokuvala ama-valve unomkhawulo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwe-valve yokuhlola esetshenziswe embhoshongweni olawula ingcindezi yendlela eyodwa kunokwethenjelwa ngokuphelele.Uma i-valve ihluleka, ingase iholele esenzekayo esikhulu.
(5) Setha ipayipi lokudlula ( valvu ) esiteshini sokumpompa.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile kwesistimu yepompo, i-valve yokuhlola ivaliwe ngoba ukucindezela kwamanzi ohlangothini lwamanzi lwepompo kuphakeme kunokucindezela kwamanzi ohlangothini lokudonsa.Lapho iphampu imisiwe ngokuzumayo ngemva kwengozi, ingcindezi ekuphumeni kwesiteshi sepompo iyancipha kakhulu, kuyilapho ukucindezela ohlangothini lokumunca kuphakama kakhulu.Ngaphansi kwalo mfutho ohlukile, amanzi adlulayo anengcindezi ephezulu epayipini eliyinhloko lokumunca amanzi amanzi anomfutho ophansi wesikhashana aphusha ipuleti levalvu yokuhlola liyise epayipini elikhulu lamanzi okucindezelayo, futhi andise umfutho wamanzi ophansi lapho.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umfutho wesando samanzi ohlangothini lokumunca lwepompo nawo uyancipha.Ngale ndlela, ukukhuphuka nokuwa kwesando samanzi ezinhlangothini zombili zesiteshi sepompo kuyalawulwa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ngempumelelo futhi kuvimbele ukulimala kwesando samanzi.
(6) Setha i-valve yokuhlola enezigaba eziningi
Epayipini lamanzi elide, i-valve yokuhlola eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yengezwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe ipayipi lamanzi libe yizigaba eziningana, futhi ama-valve okuhlola asethwe esigabeni ngasinye.Lapho amanzi epayipini lokuhambisa amanzi egeleza emuva phakathi nenqubo yesando samanzi, ivalve yokuhlola ngayinye ivalwa ngokulandelana ukuze kuhlukanise ukugeleza kwamanzi okugeza ngemuva abe yizigaba eziningana.Ngenxa yokuthi ikhanda le-hydrostatic epayipini ngalinye lokudlulisa amanzi (noma isigaba sokugeleza samanzi e-backwash) lincane kakhulu, ukukhuphuka komfutho wesando samanzi kuyehla.Lesi silinganiso sokuzivikela singasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo esimweni sokuhluka okukhulu kokuphakama kokunikezwa kwamanzi wejometri.Kodwa ithuba lokuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi alikwazi ukuqedwa.Ububi bayo obukhulu ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwepompo kuyakhuphuka futhi izindleko zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi zikhuphuka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile.
(7) Umshini wokukhipha umoya ozishintshayo kanye nowokuphakela umoya usethelwe endaweni ephezulu yepayipi ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wesando samanzi epayipini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-11-2023